A simple stochastic model of hourly rainfall for Farnborough, England

نویسندگان

  • M. G ACREMAN
  • M. C. Acreman
چکیده

This paper describes a stochastic rainfall model which has been developed to generate synthetic sequences of hourly rainfalls at a point. The model has been calibrated using data from Farnborough in Hampshire, England. This rainfall data series was divided into wet and dry spells; analysis of the durations of these spells suggests that they may be represented by exponential and generalized Pareto distributions respectively. The total volume of rainfall in wet spells was adequately fitted by a conditional gamma distribution. Random sampling from a beta distribution, defining the average shape of all rainfall profiles, is used in the model to obtain the rainfall profile for a given wet spell. Results obtained from the model compare favourably with observed monthly and annual rainfall totals and with annual maximum frequency distributions of 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours duration at Farnborough. The model has a total of 22 parameters, some of which are specific to winter or summer seasons. Un modèle stochastique simple des pluies horaires de Farnborough, Angleterre Résumé Cet article décrit un modèle stochastique qui permet de générer des séquences synthétiques de pluies horaires en un point donné. Ce modèle a été calibré à l'aide de données mesurées à Farnborough dans Hampshire, Angleterre. La série d'observations pluviomètriques de ce site a été subdivisée en intervalles de temps pluvieux et secs. L'analyse des ces données suggère que les durées de ces épisodes peuvent être représentées, respectivement, par une distribution exponentielle et par une distribution généralisée de Pareto. Une distribution gamma conditionnelle a permis de décrire de manière satisfaisant a la distribution du volume total de précipitations pendant les intervalles humides. Le hyétogramme moyen, obtenu à partir de l'ensemble des averses, est représenté dans le modèle par un distribution beta. Un échantillon aléatoire provenant de cette distribution permet d'obtenir le hyétogramme d'une averse donnée. Les précipitations horaires générées par ce modèle ont été utilisées pour en déduires les pluviométries mensuelles et annuelles, ainsi que les distributions de fréquences des maxima annuels correspondant à des durées de 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 et 48 heures. Les résultats obtenus à partir des données synthétiques sont comparable a ceux Open for discussion until I October 1990 119

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تاریخ انتشار 2007